Acalypha wilkesiana extracts induce apoptosis by causing single strand and double strand DNA breaks

Gold nanoparticles can induce more apoptosis and double strand breaks on HT-29 cells irradiated by 18 MV photons

Introduction: To increase therapeutic ratio, using radio-sensitizers is recommended and nowadays some types of them are utilized clinically. In recent years, Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were considered as radio-sensitizers in many studies due to high atomic number. Although theoretical works showed that GNPs have an insignificant effect at MV energies, some In-vitro and In-vivo s...

DNA Double-Strand Breaks

The activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is required for somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class-switch recombination (CSR) of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes, both of which are associated with DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). As AID is capable of deaminating deoxy-cytidine (dC) to deoxy-uracil (dU), it might induce nicks (single strand DNA breaks) and also DNA DSBs via a U-DNA glycosylase-media...

DNA Double-Strand Breaks Relieve

Anthracyclines induce double-strand DNA breaks at active gene promoters.

Doxorubicin is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug that intercalates between DNA base-pairs and poisons Topoisomerase II, although the mechanistic basis for cell killing remains speculative. Doxorubicin and related anthracycline compounds have been shown to increase nucleosome turnover and/or eviction around promoters, which suggests that the resulting enhanced exposure of DNA might underlie ce...

High salt and DNA double-strand breaks.

H igh-salt environments are often toxic to mammalian cells; however, some types, such as murine inner medullary collecting duct cells, are normally exposed to high-salt media. The IMCD3 cell line, derived from this mouse kidney cell type, is able to survive and even proliferate under high-salt conditions after a short period of adaptation (1). Interestingly, this adaptation involves the inducti...